Kwiinkqubo ezinkulu zeshishini kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla, iibholithi mhlawumbi zezona zingabonakaliyo kuzo zonke. Abanawo amandla okunyuka enjini, ubucukubhede betshiphu, kwaye bahlala begqunywe ngumhlwa neoyile, efihliweyo nzulu ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Ukanti, koko “kungabonakali” kanye oku kubenza babe likhonkco elisisiseko lokuxhasa impucuko yale mihla. Ukusukela kumathambo entsimbi ezakhiwo eziphakamileyo ukuya kwizinto ezincinci-zeselfowuni, ukusuka kwikhabhathi etywiniweyo yesiphekepheke ukuya kwiipedali zebhayisekile yabantwana, iibholithi, ngesikrufu sazo esilula{4}}kunyanzeliso, ziquke iintsingiselo ezininzi ze "xabiso."
I. Ixabiso eliSebenzayo: I-Compromise phakathi koBugcisa boQhagamshelwano kunye neeMechanics
Umsebenzi ongundoqo webholithi kukudibanisa, kodwa le nkqubo ingaphezulu lee kunokuqinisa nje. Ibholithi efanelekileyo kufuneka ngaxeshanye ihlangabezane neemfuno eziphindwe kathathu zamandla, ukuchaneka, kunye nokuguquguquka. I-pitch yemisonto yayo kufuneka ihambelane ngokuchanekileyo naleyo ye-nut ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla afanayo. Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngononophelo ngokusekelwe kwisicelo (umzekelo, intsimbi ephezulu - yamandla e-alloy isoloko isetyenziselwa iibholiti zebhulorho, ngelixa i-lightweight stainless steel ikhethwa kwisixhobo sombane). Nkqu nonyango olungaphezulu (ukugalelwa umhlwa kuthintelo lomhlwa, ukwenza mnyama ngenxa yokuxhathisa umhlwa) buchaphazela ngqo ubomi benkonzo yayo. Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, iibholithi zibonelela "ngoqhagamshelo oluguquguqukayo"{6}}ngokuchaseneyo nokungaguquki kwe-welding, iibholithi zivumela ukuqhawulwa kunye nokugcinwa. La "mandla abuyiselwa umva" asisitshixo kanye sokulungelelanisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko kwimisebenzi yobunjineli.
Kwiindawo ezigqithiseleyo, ixabiso leebholiti linyuswa ngokugqithiseleyo. Umzekelo, iziqhagamshelo zokunyuka kumaqonga okomba anzulu-elwandle kufuneka zimelane namakhulu eemegapascals zoxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye namanzi olwandle adlekayo. Ibholithi nganye ifumana uvavanyo loxinzelelo olulinganisa ubunzulu beemitha ezili-10,000. Izibophelelo kwiziphekepheke kufuneka zigcine ukuthembeka okupheleleyo kwindawo engenanto kunye naphantsi kokutshintshatshintsha kwamaqondo angaphezu kwama-300 degrees . Ukungaphumeleli kwayo nayiphi na ibholithi enye kunokubangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwamakhulu ezigidi zeerandi kutyalo-mali. Kwezi meko, iibholiti azisezona nxalenye zilula kodwa "izivumelwano zetyala" ezibhalwe kwiipropathi zazo zomzimba.
II. Ixabiso lezoQoqosho: "I-Hub engabonakaliyo" kwi-Industrial Chain
Ngokwembono yezoqoqosho, iibholithi, ngaphandle kwexabiso leyunithi ephantsi (ibholithi ye-M6 eqhelekileyo inokubiza kuphela iisenti ezimbalwa), zezona "capillaries" eziyimfuneko kwikhonkco leshishini. Iibhiliyoni zeebholiti ziveliswa kwihlabathi jikelele unyaka nonyaka, zixhasa izigidi zezigidi zezigidi zeerandi{2} zemizi-mveliso, kuquka ukwakhiwa, iimoto, kunye nokuveliswa koomatshini. Ngaphandle kweebholithi, iinxalenye zentsimbi azinakudityaniswa zibe yimizi-mveliso, iisilinda ze-injini azikwazanga kulungiswa kwii-crankshafts, kwaye iibhleyidi ze-injini yomoya azikwazanga ukudityaniswa kwiihabhu zamavili. Ubalo lubonisa ukuba iibholithi zenza ngaphezulu kwe-40% yamalungu aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa ngonyaka lishishini lemveliso laseTshayina kuphela. Ngelixa isikali sayo sisenokungabonakali, iibholiti, njenge-lubricant phakathi kwegiya, ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwabo bonke oomatshini bemizi-mveliso.
Ngokunzulu ngakumbi, ukubekwa emgangathweni kweebholiti kuqhube uguquko kwintsebenziswano yamashishini kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ukusukela ekusekweni komgangatho wokuqala womsonto eBritani ngenkulungwane ye-19, imigangatho yehlabathi yokucaciswa kwebholiti (efana nothotho lwe-M metric kunye nothotho lwe-UNC/UNF yobukhosi) iye yabekwa emgangathweni ngeenkqubo ezifana ne-ISO kunye ne-ANSI. Oku kuthetha ukuba iibholiti ezisuka kumatshini womatshini waseJamani zinokudityaniswa ngokukhawuleza kumzi-mveliso waseTshayina, kwaye inqanawa yemithwalo inokulungiswa ngaphandle kokulinda iindawo eziqhelekileyo. Le "standardization dividend" icuthe iindleko zorhwebo lwehlabathi kwaye yenza iibholiti zibe bubungqina obuthuleyo bokudityaniswa kwezoshishino.
III. Ixabiso loBuntu: Uphawu lokuZimela kwiSiqhelo
Kwinqanaba elingacacanga ngakumbi, iibholithi zibonakalisa usukelo olulula lwabantu lokuthembeka. Ubukho bayo buyasikhumbuza ukuba ixabiso lokwenyani aliveli kukukhanya okuqaqambileyo, kodwa kukunyamezela kwemihla ngemihla. Njengoko isizukulwana esidala samagcisa sasihlala sisithi, "30% yobugcisa, 70% izixhobo"{4}}amandla entsimbi kunye netorque yebholithi ihlala imisela umgangatho wokugqibela womsebenzi. Oku kuhlonipha iinkcukacha, kwandiswe kwinkcubeko, iye yaba sisikweko se "screw spirit": Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ube yinkwenkwezi yespotlight; okoko udlala indima engenakuthathelwa indawo kwindawo yakho, unegalelo kwinto yonke.
Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, iibholithi zihlala zizaliswe kukubaluleka ngokweemvakalelo. Abanye abantu baqokelela iibholiti zobhedu kwiibhayisekile zakudala, indawo yabo enamabala aneempawu zexesha. Iinjineli zihlala zijonga iibholithi ezivulekileyo kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo xa zilungisa izixhobo. Esi senzo siphantse sibe sisithethe sisiqinisekiso soxanduva. Nakuncwadi, iibholithi ngamanye amaxesha ziba ziisimboli zezekwe{4}}umzekelo, "ibholithi ekhululekileyo" kwinoveli ingabonisa umngcipheko onokwenzeka kwinkqubo, ngelixa "ukuqiniswa kwebholithi nganye" kubonisa ukusukela okuzingileyo kwemfezeko.
Isiphelo: Ukufumana kwakhona izibane ezincinci
Xa sibuka ubungangamsha obumangalisayo bokuwela-iibhulorho zolwandle okanye simangaliswe kwisantya soololiwe{1}abahamba ngesantya esiphezulu, asifane sicinge ngeebholithi ezifakwe nzulu ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo zazo zentsimbi. Kanye njengokuba sihlala sijongana nezinto ezininzi ezisisiseko ezixhasa ubomi banamhlanje ngelixa sonwabele izinto eziluncedo, zezi zibholiti zibonakala ziqhelekile, ezithi, ngamandla azo ajikelezayo, ziqhagamshelane nabantu abasasazekileyo bebonke, bethwele ubunzima bempucuko ngokuzola kwabo. Ixabiso labo alikho kubukhulu babo, kodwa kumandla abo "ukubamba" ngokuqinileyo ihlabathi ngokwabo.
Ngexesha elizayo uqinisa ibholithi, nqumama okwesibini-okucofa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ngowona mbhalo wasezantsi ongathobekiyo kwimpucuko yoshishino.
